Peer Review History: Techno-economic Evaluation Of A Refractance Window Dryer Prototype Developed By Kenya Industrial Analysis And Growth Institute Open Peer Evaluation Support Firm

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The moisture content material of the samples at numerous temperatures is shown in Table 1. Freeze drying is a industrial course of that can produce high quality dehydrated products with good retention of shape, taste, color, nutrient content, and rehydration capacity. The cost of manufacturing freeze-dried product could be very excessive, as a lot as ten times the fee for utilizing pressured hot air drying. Statistical analysis for every mathematical mannequin confirmed an excellent match as a result of low 0.002 ≤ RMSE ≤ 0.116 and 0.001 ≤ χ2 ≤ 0.024 values were obtained.
Mylar is a polyethylene terephthalate . The quantity of power performed and radiated from the Mylar layer change according to the temperature of the heating source, the thickness of the flim, the thickness of the product and the humidity of the product. RW™ is a robust device that permits for the dehydration of fruit utilizing temperatures of 95 °C and provides a 50% discount in drying time. A slurry of liquid product is evenly utilized to the top surface of a continuous sheet of transparent plastic.
The primary benefit of combined drying applied sciences is with the power to dehydrate food materials utilizing high temperatures and quick drying time, which allows attaining high-quality retention and/or incorporate a excessive added-value to food products . The dehydration course of is used to protect the perishable foods by eradicating the moisture content and thereby growing the shelf-life of the product. Refractance window drying is a novel pre-eminent dehydration technology which dehydrates the moist food merchandise onto the thin Mylar film, which is transparent to infrared radiation and creates as a ‘window’ for drying. It enhances the self-limiting drying process during which the new water transmits the heat power into the wet product by forcing the product moisture to evaporate.
The heat transfer that takes place is in places the place the product to be dried is resting on the movie, so that warmth transfer is immediately into the product to be dried and exists virtually nowhere else on the plastic film. In addition, the amount and weight of dry merchandise are decreased obtaining decrease storage and transportation costs. In addition, many of these technologies are solely used to dry sure types of food, whether in liquid, semi-solid or strong kind, or a sure texture. Drying is probably considered one of the most effective methods for conserving meals, as decreasing aw reduces microbial development and decreases the pace of degradation reactions, the latter being of nice interest for drying merchandise having antioxidant exercise. Other authors have targeted extra on the connection of aw with moisture and storage temperature which are essential aspects when considering meals conservation12,13,39.
Also, the thicker movie results in relatively lower conductive heat switch, which requires a longer drying time. Therefore, the unit value of thinner movies is greater than that of thicker films. In different words, the use of thinner movie increases the working cost. Considering every parameter, the optimum thickness is specified as zero.25 mm. Drum drying, developed for liquid products, causes extreme high quality loss in product because of publicity to excessive temperatures ( °C).
The presence of various useful groups in UGBF was noticed from FTIR analysis. The TPC, DPPH, and TFC for RW dried flour had been discovered to be 0.85 ± zero.04 mg GAE/ g, 19.04 ± 1.03%, and seven.68 ± 0.05 µg quercetin/ g. The compressibility index and compressibility ratio of RW and HA dried UGBF are 26.49% and 1.36; 36.18% and 1.41, respectively which proves that RW dried flour has a fair flowability and intermediate cohesiveness. This examine shows that RW dried flour had higher quality of the product than HA drying. During RW™ drying, all three modes of warmth switch are lively.
The capacities of RWD systems are comparable scale with spray dryers and drum dryers. In terms of set up economic system, it's easy and comparatively cheap compared to freeze drying, which often requires giant installations. RWD technology has a really excessive cost benefit and might dry an analogous quantity of freeze-dried product at one-third the cost of a freeze dryer.
Conductive hydro-drying also called Refractance Window drying is a comparatively new drying know-how, which uses sizzling water to hold thermal vitality to supplies to be dehydrated. It has a high retention of heat sensitive high quality parameters with better power efficiency than freeze-drying in addition to many different typical drying methods. A new ultrasound and infrared assisted conductive hydro-dryer was developed to increase drying price whereas reducing required scorching water temperature and growing the drying materials thickness.
•RWD has lower drying time, temperature, & value offering higher thermal efficiency than others. Bolland-Magoon mentioned that the RW drying approach allows easy, quick and continuous operation, while eliminating the need for pre-processing for a lot of products, and that almost all merchandise dry in two to 4 minutes, using the process. As the material travels down the conveyor, the water in the materials evaporates via the "window" within the matter of few moments, with the "window" closing in proportion to the fast dissipation of water within the materials. Because the Mylar conveyor belt is a poor heat conductor, once the fabric dries, the "refractance window" closes, and solely a minuscule quantity of warmth is transferred to the product as it is carried to the tip of the conveyor system. In a matter of a few moments, the water in the material on the plastic membrane’s surface evaporates, and the "window" of infrared energy closes and "refracts" back into the heated water source, not exposing the material to heat.
Although RW drying is comparable with freeze drying and other low temperature drying methods by method of physiochemical high quality retention, it may possibly also scale back microbial load in its dried merchandise. In a examine on RW drying of pumpkin puree from 80% to 5% moisture content material which was completed in about 5 minutes (with water at 95ºC). RW drying of inoculated pumpkin purees resulted in four.6, 6.1, 6.0, and 5.5 log reductions of complete aerobic plate counts , coliforms, Escherichia coli, and Listeria innocua, respectively.
In an ideal world, we would get all that we need from fruits and vegetableswhile they’re still contemporary. IC50 value was calculated to find out the focus of the sample required to inhibit 50% of radical. IC50 was calculated as per the tactic reported by Najmina et al. . IC50 values of RW-dried and sun-dried samples had been evaluated by AAT bioquest Calculator utilizing the next Eq.5. Where L0, a0, and b0 are values of fresh samples and L, a, and b are shade values of dried samples in triplicates.
Walnut (Juglans regia L.) is a hard-shelled and temperate-climatic fruit species throughout the Juglandaceae family. There are nearly 60 completely different species on the earth and among them, 21 are within the Juglans genus . Walnut (J. regia) cultivation began in Central Asia. In international nut production walnuts (Juglans regia L.) are ranked second after almonds. China shares 44% of walnut production on the planet .
The outcomes had been expressed in accordance with the CIELAB system as regards to illuminant C and a visible angle of 10°32. The colorimeter was calibrated with a black and white normal patterns. High-oleic palm oil was obtained from Fedepalma, Bogota, Colombia; whey powder was bought in a neighborhood market in Bogota, Colombia; soy lecithin was obtained from Bellchem International, Medellin, Colombia; gum Arabic powder from C. E. Roeper GmbH, Hamburg, Germany; and native corn starch from Cimpa SAS, Bogota, Colombia.
The Refractance Window dryer is also appropriate for pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, cosmetics, pigments and byproducts such as whey and fish oil. According to MCD, apart from its light drying attribute, Washington State University research has calculated that the Refractance Window Dryer (click here to investigate) is 99% efficient in its warmth transfer. Its automated operation reduces labor costs and the clear belt design permits fast cleanup and minimizes maintenance. RW-dried strawberries demonstrated color values close to that measured in freeze-dried samples. In case of fragrant compounds, sample analysis confirmed that RW-dried strawberry purees had less esters and alcohols and extra heat-induced ketones and aldehydes. Total drying time was about 4 minutes .